Summarize what happened. The Graph on page 23 shows that all of the results were very close together. For instance result 3 from 200cm was an anomaly but was not taken into account when taking the average of the middle three. The difference between the predicted height and the actual height will provide evidence as to how air resistance affects the flight of the ball. Perform this test in a Gym or anywhere else where you have a hard surface and an accessible wall. Yes, as elastic potential energy causes the ball to bounce off the ground and is converted into kinetic energy once the ball is in the air, causing it to move. What type of motion does a bouncing ball experience? You may now be able to understand or verify things that you discovered when gathering information for the project. In this experiment the only variable that we modify is the release height and we keep all other variables unchanged. Based on these trends, we can draw conclusions about the system under study. When a player dribbles a basketball, as Kobe Bryant does here on the 2012 U.S. men's Olympic team, the ball actually transfers some of its energy on each WebLearn how to identify types of variables in a simple experiment with bouncing balls. The ball pushes on the floor and the floor pushes back on the ball, causing it to rebound. Data Table 2: Average Bounce Height at Each Height: Graph 1: Height of Ball drop versus Height of ball bounce: Our data indicates that the hypothesis was incorrect. These are parts of the experiment that you try to keep constant throughout an experiment so that they won't interfere with your test. CR can be found out by looking at a graph, the gradient, as a percentage of 1 gives the amount of energy conserved and therefore CRcan be found without knowing v22or v12. Using the geometric sequence for an infinite sequence and substituting the given values we get: \(S_{\infty} = 2 \cdot \frac{\alpha}{1-r} = 2 \cdot \frac{6m}{1-0.38} = 19.35 m\). changing air density, temperature. WebControl variables include the size of pots, the type of soil and the position in a room. You will then take your bounces and their respective time intervals to a spread sheet. If you have any questions or need more support about this project, click on the Ask Question button on the top of this page to send me a message. What is the control variable in the bouncing ball experiment? Then when dropping the ball again eye level was kept level with the blue tack. The coefficient of restitution is the ratio of the final to initial speed between two bodies after the collision. Test your knowledge with gamified quizzes. You may need to calculate the average of bounce height. When raw data gets processed mathematically, for example, it becomes results. The mass is cancelled out in the above equation, and we re-arrange with respect to velocity. Our lab group was able to determine the relationship between drop height and bounce height. At the lowest point, the ball has its minimum potential energy, and the velocity changes from negative to positive. Choose one of the variables you listed in #4, and design an experiment to test it. Specially look for parts that discuss the gas pressure and physical properties of gases. This will mean that I will have to have the interval between the different heights from which the ball is dropped from less than 20cm, probably at 10cm. WebBouncing Ball Experiment. This is because the ball starts with more GPE. At that instant, how does the ball know how high it should bounce? If you did not observe a consistent, reproducible trend in your series of experimental runs there may be experimental errors affecting your results. For an experiment to give answers you can trust, it must have a control. A control is an additional experimental trial or run. Variables are the factors that are changed, measured or controlled. Another experiment would be necessary to determine this for certain. Your assistant will record the bounce. Please note that many online stores for science supplies are managed by MiniScience. " GPE also changes as the ball falls. At first, try to choose variables that you think act independently of each other. While these variables are not the This can either be assumed and chosen, or it can be stated in a question.). The balls are shown at rest, about to bounce back up. Parallax error will be avoided by dropping the ball one time that will not be measured and placing a blob of blue tack onto the meter rule at the approximate height it bounced to. KE = 1/2mv where m = mass and v = velocity, 1/2mv = mhg - thermal energy (lost as a result of drag). We felt the magic immediately. You Design an experiment to test each hypothesis. This is considered raw data since it has not been processed or interpreted yet. Using the trends in your experimental data and your experimental observations, try to answer your original questions. WebThe scientific method consists of five steps: -Observation/research: The first step is to research and collect as much background information on your chosen question as you can. Schematic diagram of two balls dropped from different heights. These polymers are tangled together and stretch upon impact. What you have learned may allow you to answer other questions. The energy that the ball hits the floor with is kinetic energy. Dependable controls are sometimes very hard to develop. I do not believe that any ball will reach terminal velocity in this experiment seeing as the maximum height that they can be dropped from is 2m and, as the ball is quite smooth, I do not believe that it will have enough time to accelerate to its terminal velocity before it hits the floor. Stop procrastinating with our study reminders. H is the height of the ball before it is dropped. What is the velocity of the ball at the point of maximum height? This means that the faster that the ball travels the larger the force of air resistance upon it. These both support my prediction and show that my prediction was correct. The total energy of the system remains the same; the potential energy changes to kinetic energy, but no energy is lost. Projectile motion is the motion of objects that are moving near the surface of the earth in a curved path due to the effect of gravity. Possible sources of error include several types of measurement errors. A series of experiments is made up of separate experimental runs. During each run you make a measurement of how much the variable affected the system under study. This phenomenon is described by Newton's third law. When a ball drops in air there is air resistance to which the ball loses energy in the form of thermal energy. The ball moves upwards, reaching stage 1, i.e., maximum height, and its velocity is momentarily zero. If you are using windows sound recorder program, you can view the recorded waves with an accuracy of 0.01 second. Using the geometric sequence formula, the sum of the terms which are the heights of the ball after each bound: \(S_n = \frac{\alpha(1-r^n)}{1-r} = \frac{6m(1-0.38^5)}{1-0.38} = 9.6 m\). An alternative method would be the measuring person holding a video camera level with the approximate height that the ball reaches after bouncing and videoing the ball reach the top of its arc. You can drop the ball from your hand or you can make a stopper for the ball to hold it only from the sides with a little pressure. The reason for our error was that we thought that the tennis ball might be specially made to bounce to the same height. For the lowest three points air resistance is approximately equal to zero due to the ball having a low velocity, as it was dropped from a low height, and therefore hits less air particles per second than a ball traveling at a faster speed. As in both cases the main form of energy is GPE it follows that the higher the ball is dropped from, the higher the ball will bounce. The balls finish up with the same amount of energy and the only energy given out is thermal energy. Heres an example of an Excel spread sheet that analyzes whats going on: Heres a graph of energy vs. bounce from the spread sheet: Purpose: To determine how high a tennis ball will bounce when dropped from a specific height. The ball did not appear to reach its terminal velocity which also supports my prediction. This project guide contains information that you need in order to start your project. Constants: the same person takes all of the measurements, the same materials are used in every trial. When the ball was dropped from the higher heights the ball began to show signs of reaching its terminal velocity before it reaches the ground. Even a specific ball may bounce different heights at different times or different locations. To set up the This means that not all the GPE is converted into KE as it would have been if the ball had been dropped in a vacuum. Also the difference between the force of air resistance acting upon a ball travelling at 1ms-1 and the force of air resistance acting upon a ball travelling at 2ms-1 is far smaller than the difference between the force of air resistance acting upon a ball travelling at 20ms-1 and the force of air resistance acting upon a ball travelling at 21ms-1. 70% is retained. This experiment would provide me with more results that are relevant to the experiment that I have already conducted. \(Area = \frac{1}{2} \cdot base \cdot length\), \(Area = 0.5 m \cdot 50 m \cdot 50 m = 1250 m^3\). Find the total distance of travel until the ball hits the ground for the 8th time. This is because it is the easiest and quickest variable to alter. Hold the ball at 6 feet height and release it. Lerne mit deinen Freunden und bleibe auf dem richtigen Kurs mit deinen persnlichen Lernstatistiken. In reality, the ball experiences damping, where it loses potential energy and kinetic energy as it falls. In this experiment there are FOUR VARIABLES. It therefore hits more air particles each second and so the force of drag is bigger the faster the ball goes. Create and find flashcards in record time. When dropped on a solid surface, not even a super ball bounces back as high as its initial height, but some balls do bounce a lot better than others. or hold Ctrl and then use arrow keys to move the wave 0.01 second left or right. use four meter sticks and go right the way up to four meters. ball bounced 6 inches. Dependent Variable: The height of the bounce. where m is the mass of the moving object, and v is the velocity of the moving object. An elastic surface such as rubber and a very hard surface such as concrete will result the highest bounce level. 2. This is impossible. In my science fair experiment, the golf ball overall was the ball that bounced the highest. When the ball collides with the floor, the ball becomes deformed. The force that causes a ball to bounce is the reaction force described by Newton's third law of motion. For a dropped ball, the total mechanical energy is defined as the sum of its kinetic energy and its gravitational potential energy. We felt the magic immediately.". WebThe main variables in a science experiment are the independent variable, the dependent variable and the control variables. What is the force that causes a ball to bounce? They identify variables to be changed, measured and controlled. We use the conservation of energy. This would eliminate parallax error further. It goes back to its initial vertical position after a period of time. In this project we will try to find out what factors affect the bounce of a dropped ball. The second stage is the point at which the ball decelerates, changes direction once it has reached the peak point, and starts falling to the ground. The acceleration due to gravity causes the ball to change direction and start moving downwards at stage 2. It tells us that the ball consistently bounced to half of its drop height. These balls do not bounce as well as balls with high air pressure. B) Using the conservation of energy, find the velocity of the ball before it hits the ground from a height of three metres. Kinetic energy means energy associated with motion. Stages of bouncing ball example, Panagi - StudySmarter Originals, Motion graphs of a bouncing ball, Panagi - StudySmarter Originals. Earn points, unlock badges and level up while studying. WebDrop the ball from the line between cinder blocks/bricks to make the measurements more accurate. If the ball is elastic in nature, the ball will quickly return to its original form and spring up from the floor. Adapted from Plangenhoef, Patterns of Human Motion. This proves that the higher h1the more h2will differ from the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. Use the same point on the ball (top) or (bottom) when judging both the height of the drop and the height of the bounce. A single experiment may contain many control variables. Problem: Hypothesis: Experiment: This would allow the actual coefficient to restitution to be calculated. Your challenge will be to find a way to determine your balls e, and the initial height of the ball when you first dropped it. Gravitational potential energy means energy that an object has based on where it is located in a gravitational field. It could also be a written statement of what occurred during experiments. Figure 1. Discuss specifically how you developed your e and initial height values. WebAll experimental investigations involve variables. What are the variables in the ramp experiment? This is a sample on how to write the results, conclusion and make charts. The maximum and minimum results were included when working out the variation between results however, seeing as the maximum and minimum results were produced by the experiment and are therefore part of the variation between results produced by the experiment. This is correct unless the ball shows signs of reaching terminal velocity. Draw a graph of bounce height Vs drop height. of the users don't pass the Bouncing Ball Example quiz! A series of experiments that includes a control is called a controlled experiment.. Use a racquetball, a golf ball or any kind that bounces well and makes a nice crisp sound when it bounces. h1and h2are from the bottom of the ball as it hits the floor to the bottom of the ball at the top of its arc after bouncing. We have a new and improved At 2ft, the basketball bounced 15 inches, the tennis ball bounced 12 inches, and the golf. When you think you know what variables may be involved, think about ways to change one at a time. 3. The Particular experiment is about : How does the drop height of a ball affects the bounce height of the ball. h2= The distance between the bottom of the ball at the top of its arc after bouncing and the ground. By the time it reaches the floor, the ball is traveling quickly and it hits the floor hard. Dependent Variable: The Bounce (How height is the ball going to Bounce) because of the C) Frozen tennis balls will not bounce as high. This causes thermal energy to be given off. A ball falls from 8 metres and rebounds to 52 percent of its previous height. Identifying variables is necessary before you can make a hypothesis. What does the motion of a bouncing ball look like? The ball has reached its terminal velocity and cannot fall any faster (unless dropped in a vacuum). Air resistance exists but does not affect the velocity of the ball significantly. It bounces off, changing the direction of motion and again reaching its maximum height. changing air density, temperature The surface onto which the ball Therefore the coefficient to restitution = 0.7. Procedure: One group member drops a tennis ball from a specific height, while the other group member notes how high the ball bounces. This therefore provides accurate and reliable results. Why if you drop a ball from say 2 meters does it bounce higher than a ball dropped from 1 meter? It was difficult to get down to the exact level of the blue tack seeing as it meant lowering your entire upper body in the short amount of time taken for the ball to hit the floor and rebound again to get your eye level from h, (where the blue tack was stuck, approximately). Balls: Terminal Speed and Coefficient of Restitution. Hence the formula for the sum of the infinite number of terms can be rewritten as seen here. Upload unlimited documents and save them online. Temperature will not affect the balls bounce either as the experiment will be conducted at room temperature, thus not allowing the floor to get cold and in doing so alter its affect upon the ball on impact. Our dependent variable was. Also it shows inaccuracies in the experiment as it shows that heights were recorded that exceeded the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. Course of Theoretical Physics : Mechanics (Course of Theoretical Physics), Engineering Mechanics Dynamics (11th Edition). The more KE the ball leaves the floor with the longer it takes to stop due to the force of gravity and return back to the floor again. Repeat your tests for each different type of bouncing surface and record the results in a table like this: Experiments are often done in series. Apparatus:Clamp stand, meter rule 2, table tennis ball, desk. It pushes downward on the floor and the floor pushes upward on it. It is used to determine what the variable changed. Additional list of material can be extracted from the experiment section. Click Create Assignment to assign this modality to your LMS. The average variation between results was 3cm. As drag is a squared function, proportional to the square of the velocity, it is impossible to calculate the velocity that the ball hits the floor at. , v is greater therefore KE is greater by a larger amount). Its high order and functions achieved with differential and integral operations can't fit any circle, because circles must cover constant speed in simple harmonic motion. A control variable is any factor that is controlled or held constant during an experiment. For example this is a sample explanation. Averages are more reliable than using one result as they take into account variation between results. Controlled variables are air temperature, air flow, air pressure where you perform your tests. The drag force increases as the ball goes faster. It is from calculations using recorded data that tables and graphs are made. These equations allow us to predict how a change will affect the system without the need to do additional experiments. You are now ready to enter your data on a spread sheet and get to work. The formula for kinetic energy is KE=1/2 mv 2 , where m is the mass in kg and v is the velocity in m/sec 2 . We can go back to our table of velocities, square each one, then multiply by 1/ 2 * 0.044 kg to find the kinetic energy at each moment. As energy cannot be created or destroyed it follows that the energy must have come from the energy that the ball possesses. The motion of the ball can be described using velocity, displacement, and acceleration The higher the air pressure the more air particles per cubic meter. Variables are Sometimes the designer of an experiment can miss the obvious. The weight and material of the ball will be kept the same throughout the experiment by using the same ball. A bouncing ball follows a projectile motion which is moving near the surface of the earth in a curved path due to the effect of gravity. If the mass of the ball is heavier the weight is heavier (weight = mg) and downward force acting upon the ball is greater as well. Read books, magazines or ask professionals who might know in order to find out the factors that affect the movements of a dropped ball. It was difficult to accurately measure the height of the bounce. This will hopefully discount any anomalies automatically and leave us with three accurate and reliable results. Changes in air pressure could have affected results as could changes in temperature however changes in these two factors would have been small; air pressure would not have changed enough to affect the results in the hour period in which the experiment was conducted, and although the rooms temperature may have increased by a degree or two, due to body heat, over the course of the period temperature was not a major factor that affected the height to which the ball bounced and would not have significantly affected the results. A series of experiments can be done by changing one variable a different amount each time. Therefore the ball ends up with more GPE, , assuming g and m stay constant, results in an increase in m g h, , assuming g and m stay constant, results in a decrease in m g h, As the ball is accelerating due to gravity, at 9.81m/s. Variables Independent variable = drop height Dependent variable = bounce height Controlled variables = ball, surface, measuring tool. This slope tells us how bouncy the ball is. As velocity increases air resistance increases in proportion to the square of the velocity. From this I am able to determine that the experiment was very accurate. This can be in the form of a table of processed numerical data, or graphs. The process of obtaining information by using the senses is called a/an. Because of these forces, both the ball and floor deform inward. This will help with your understanding of the investigation and lead you to make a possible hypothesis. If you get more than one value, calculate and record the average. B (81%) Synonyms. 2. tennis and baseball) includes the CoR test. Often, mathematical equations can be made from graphs. You will be able to precisely measure the time intervals between bounces. The longer it takes to stop, the higher it bounces to. This means it will be travelling the same speed when it hits the ground. If you have any questions or need more support about this project, click on the , If you are new in doing science project, click on . Being precise as the we drop the ball from a very big height the ball will bounce back at a very big height by Newton's
316 Greenwich Street 316b, Are Bobby Flay And Giada Married, Falcon Cove Middle School Construction, Articles C